黑五買了一台 GreenCloud (aff) Storage VPS！
一步步在 Linux (Ubuntu/Debian) 上使用 fdisk 進行硬碟分割、格式化為 Btrfs 檔案系統，並設定 /etc/fstab 讓機器重開機後也能自動掛載。這套流程適用於所有 KVM 架構的 VPS。
以下指令我是用 root 跑的，如果權限不夠要加 sudo。
1. 先 lsblk 看是哪個 disk 需要 partition
> lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 368K 1 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
vda 254:0 0 20G 0 disk
|-vda1 254:1 0 1M 0 part
|-vda2 254:2 0 122M 0 part /boot/efi
`-vda3 254:3 0 19.9G 0 part /
vdb 254:16 0 500G 0 disk 2. 用 fdisk 做 partition
> fdisk /dev/vdb- Command (m for help):
g - Command (m for help):
n
如果只要一個 partition 就都用 default - Command (m for help):
w
將目前儲存在記憶體中的磁碟分割表變更寫入到磁碟上，然後退出fdisk。在w之前退出的話，不會有任何變動
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.41).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS (MBR) disklabel with disk identifier 0x0c3294a3.
Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: E5606734-1335-4696-9501-B9A12D5B780B).
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-1048575966, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-1048575966, default 1048573951):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 500 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.3. 如果要用 btrfs，安裝 btrfs-progs
> apt install btrfs-progs4. format 成 btrfs
這時候跑 lsblk 會長這樣：
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 368K 1 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
vda 254:0 0 20G 0 disk
|-vda1 254:1 0 1M 0 part
|-vda2 254:2 0 122M 0 part /boot/efi
`-vda3 254:3 0 19.9G 0 part /
vdb 254:16 0 500G 0 disk
`-vdb1 254:17 0 500G 0 part跑 mkfs 進行 format
> mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/vdb1
btrfs-progs v6.14
See https://btrfs.readthedocs.io for more information.
Performing full device TRIM /dev/vdb1 (500.00GiB) ...
NOTE: several default settings have changed in version 5.15, please make sure
this does not affect your deployments:
- DUP for metadata (-m dup)
- enabled no-holes (-O no-holes)
- enabled free-space-tree (-R free-space-tree)
Label: (null)
UUID: 518709cc-6e80-43bf-afc9-bd2bd9a9791a
Node size: 16384
Sector size: 4096 (CPU page size: 4096)
Filesystem size: 500.00GiB
Block group profiles:
Data: single 8.00MiB
Metadata: DUP 1.00GiB
System: DUP 8.00MiB
SSD detected: no
Zoned device: no
Features: extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes, free-space-tree
Checksum: crc32c
Number of devices: 1
Devices:
ID SIZE PATH
1 500.00GiB /dev/vdb15. mount 到某個 path
我是選 /mnt/backups
> mkdir -p /mnt/backups
> mount -o compress=zstd /dev/vdb1 /mnt/backups
> lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 368K 1 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
vda 254:0 0 20G 0 disk
|-vda1 254:1 0 1M 0 part
|-vda2 254:2 0 122M 0 part /boot/efi
`-vda3 254:3 0 19.9G 0 part /
vdb 254:16 0 500G 0 disk
`-vdb1 254:17 0 500G 0 part /mnt/backups為了讓平常用的非 root 帳號也能讀寫，就要 chown 成實際會使用的使用者名稱，以 username 是 small 為例
> chown -R small:small /mnt/backups6. 編輯 fstab
到這裡為止，如果 reboot 的話，mount 會消失，所以要寫到 fstab 裡。
先找到 UUID
> blkid /dev/vdb1
/dev/vdb1: UUID="518709cc-6e80-43bf-afc9-bd2bd9a9791a" UUID_SUB="6593363f-aee9-493d-b912-49f84f9effcc" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="btrfs" PARTUUID="15bcaff2-b553-4711-94cd-95f81a2c9093"編輯 /etc/fstab
> nano /etc/fstab在最後面加上
UUID=518709cc-6e80-43bf-afc9-bd2bd9a9791a /mnt/backups btrfs defaults,compress=zstd 0 0- UUID=…: Identifies the disk accurately.
- /mnt/backups: Where it should live.
- btrfs: The filesystem type.
- defaults,compress=zstd: The options.
- 0 0: These last two numbers tell Linux not to “dump” the disk and not to scan it during boot (since Btrfs handles its own scanning).
7. 確認 fstab 的修改是對的
> mount -a如果沒有任何東西跳出來就表示搞定了！
有跳出東西的話，例如 UUID 錯的話會有像這樣的錯誤訊息：
mount: /mnt/backups: can't find UUID=a1b2c3d4-1234-5678-9abc-def123456789.8. 如果要跑 YABS
如果要跑 YABS 的話就 cd 到 /mnt/backups 跑 YABS 就可以測這個 disk 了。